1. Incamake yo Guhindura Amashanyarazi
Guhindura amashanyarazini igikoresho kinini cyumuriro w'amashanyarazi uhinduranya, kizwi kandi nko guhindura amashanyarazi cyangwa guhinduranya. Ihindura ibyinjira byinjira mumashanyarazi yumuvuduko mwinshi binyuze mumashanyarazi yihuta, hanyuma igahindura ingufu z'amashanyarazi kuva muburyo bumwe ikajya mubindi binyuze mugutunganyatransformateur, gukosora umuzunguruko no kuyungurura umuzenguruko, hanyuma amaherezo akabona imbaraga zidasanzwe za DC voltage yo gutanga amashanyarazi.
Guhindura amashanyarazi bifite ibyiza byo gukora neza, gutuza neza, ingano nto, uburemere bworoshye, kwizerwa cyane, kandi birashobora guhuzwa nibikoresho bitandukanye bikenera ingufu.
Guhindura amashanyarazi byakoreshejwe cyane mubice bitandukanye, harimo gukoresha inganda, itumanaho ningufu nshya. Mu rwego rwo gutangiza inganda, guhinduranya amashanyarazi bitanga imbaraga zihamye kubikoresho bitandukanye byikora kugirango habeho imikorere myiza kandi ihamye yibikoresho.
Mu rwego rwitumanaho, guhinduranya amashanyarazi bikoreshwa cyane muri sitasiyo fatizo idafite ibyuma, ibikoresho byumuyoboro, nibindi, kugirango hamenyekane itumanaho ryikimenyetso rya sisitemu yitumanaho no kuzamura ireme ryitumanaho. Mu rwego rwingufu nshya, guhinduranya amashanyarazi bigira uruhare runini muri sisitemu y’izuba n’umuyaga, bifasha gukoresha neza ingufu zishobora kubaho.
Guhindura amashanyarazi bigizwe hafi nibice bine byingenzi: kwinjiza ibintu, guhinduranya, kugenzura imiyoboro, hamwe n’ibisohoka. Ibikurikira nuburyo busanzwe bwo guhinduranya amashanyarazi yo gushushanya igishushanyo mbonera, kumenya ni ngombwa kuri twe gusobanukirwa nogutanga amashanyarazi.
2. Gutondekanya guhinduranya ibikoresho
Guhindura ibikoresho byamashanyarazi birashobora gushyirwa mubice ukurikije ibipimo bitandukanye. Ibikurikira nuburyo bwinshi busanzwe bwo gutondeka:
1. Gutondekanya ukoresheje imbaraga zinjiza:
AC-DC ihindura amashanyarazi: ihindura ingufu za AC mumashanyarazi ya DC.
DC-DC ihindura amashanyarazi: ihindura ingufu za DC mumashanyarazi ya DC.
2. Gutondekanya muburyo bwakazi:
Imashanyarazi imwe irangiye itanga amashanyarazi: ifite umuyoboro umwe gusa, ukwiranye nimbaraga nke zikoreshwa.
Amashanyarazi abiri-yarangije gutanga amashanyarazi: afite ibyuma bibiri byo guhinduranya, bikwiranye nimbaraga nyinshi zikoreshwa.
3. Gutondekanya kuri topologiya:
Ukurikije topologiya, irashobora kugabanywa hafi ya Buck, Boost, Buck-Boost, Flyback, Imbere, Imbere-Transistor Imbere, Push-Pull, Igice cya kabiri, Ikiraro cyuzuye, nibindi. Guhindura ibikoresho byamashanyarazi birashobora kandi gushyirwa muburyo burambuye ukurikije ibindi bisabwa hamwe nibisabwa.
Ibikurikira, tuzamenyekanisha ibisanzwe bikoreshwa Flyback na Imbere. Imbere na flakeback nuburyo bubiri butandukanye bwo guhinduranya amashanyarazi. Amashanyarazi yohereza imbere yerekeza kumashanyarazi yerekeza kumashanyarazi akoresha imbere yumurongo mwinshi wihuta kugirango utandukane ingufu zifatanije, kandi amashanyarazi ajyanye no guhinduranya amashanyarazi ni uguhindura amashanyarazi.
2.1 Imbere yo guhindura amashanyarazi
Imbere yo guhinduranya amashanyarazi imbere murwego iraruhije, ariko ingufu zisohoka ni ndende cyane, zikwiranye nogutanga amashanyarazi 100W-300W, muri rusange zikoreshwa mumashanyarazi make, amashanyarazi menshi cyane, akoreshwa cyane.
Nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo gikurikira, kugirango amashanyarazi ahindurwe imbere cyane cyane iyo umuyoboro uhinduranya, impinduka zisohoka zikora nkigikoresho cyahujwe ningufu za magnetique yumuriro, ingufu zamashanyarazi ningufu za magneti bihinduka hagati yabyo, kugirango ibyinjijwe nibisohoka icyarimwe.
Hariho kandi ibitagenda neza mubisabwa bya buri munsi: nko gukenera kongera imbaraga zishobora guhinduka (kugirango wirinde guhinduranya ibiceri byibanze byatewe nubushobozi bwo guhinduranya imiyoboro ihindagurika), icyiciro cya kabiri kirenze kimwe cyo gushiramo ingufu zo kubika ingufu, bityo ugereranije na flake yo guhinduranya amashanyarazi, ikiguzi cyayo kiri hejuru, kandi imbere yo guhinduranya amashanyarazi atanga amashanyarazi kuruta ingano ya flake yo guhinduranya amashanyarazi ni nini.
Imbere yo guhinduranya amashanyarazi
2.2 Guhindura amashanyarazi
Nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo gikurikira, amashanyarazi ahinduranya amashanyarazi yerekeza kumashanyarazi akoresha amashanyarazi ya flake yo hejuru kugirango ahindure ibyinjira nibisohoka. Transformator yayo ntabwo igira uruhare gusa muguhindura voltage kugirango yohereze ingufu, ahubwo inagira uruhare mubyuma bibika ingufu. Kubwibyo, transformateur ya flake isa nigishushanyo mbonera. Inzira zose ziroroshye kandi ziroroshye kugenzura. Flyback ikoreshwa cyane mumashanyarazi make ya 5W-100W.
Kuri flake yo guhinduranya amashanyarazi, mugihe umuyoboro wa switch ufunguye, icyerekezo cya inductor yibanze ya transformateur irazamuka. Kubera ko ibisohoka bisohoka byumuzunguruko bifite impande zinyuranye, diode isohoka irazimya, transformateur ibika ingufu, kandi umutwaro utangwa ningufu na capacitori isohoka. Iyo umuyoboro wa switch uzimye, voltage ya inductive ya inductor yibanze ya transformateur ihinduka. Muri iki gihe, diode isohoka irakinguye, kandi imbaraga za transformateur zitangwa kumuzigo unyuze kuri diode, mugihe wishyuye capacitor.
Flyback guhinduranya amashanyarazi
Uhereye kubigereranya, birashobora kugaragara ko transformateur yibyishimo byimbere ifite gusa imikorere ya transformateur, kandi byose birashobora gufatwa nkumuzunguruko wamafaranga hamwe na transformateur. Impinduka ya Flyback irashobora gufatwa nkinduction ifite imikorere ya transformateur, ni umuzunguruko. Muri rusange, ihame ryimbere ryakazi riratandukanye, imbere ni umurimo wibanze akazi ka kabiri, icyiciro cya kabiri ntabwo gikorana na inductor yo kuvugurura ibyagezweho, muri rusange CCM.
Imbaraga zingirakamaro muri rusange ntabwo ziri hejuru, kandi ibyinjira nibisohoka hamwe nimpinduka zinshingano zingana. Flyback nigikorwa cyibanze, icya kabiri ntigikora, impande zombi zigenga, muri rusange uburyo bwa DCM, ariko inductance ya transformateur izaba ari ntoya, kandi ikeneye kongeramo icyuho cyumwuka, mubisanzwe rero ikwiranye nimbaraga nto n'iziciriritse.
Guhindura imbere ni byiza, nta bubiko bw'ingufu, ariko kubera ko inductance yo kwishima nigiciro cyanyuma, umuyoboro wibyishimo utuma intandaro izaba nini, kugirango wirinde kwiyuzuzamo ibintu, transformateur ikenera umuyaga wunganirwa kugirango flux reset.
Impinduka ya Flyback irashobora kugaragara nkuburyo bwa inductance ihujwe, inductance yabanje kubika ingufu hanyuma ikarekurwa, bitewe na transformateur ya flake ya enterineti hamwe n’ibisohoka n’umuvuduko uhabanye na polarite, bityo rero iyo umuyoboro uhinduranya, icya kabiri gishobora gutangarukuruzihamwe na reset yumuriro, hanyuma transformateur ya flake ntigomba kongeramo flux reset ihindagurika.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nzeri-29-2024