Diode itanga urumuri ni diode idasanzwe. Kimwe na diode isanzwe, diode itanga urumuri rugizwe na chip ya semiconductor. Ibi bikoresho bya semiconductor byatewe mbere cyangwa bikopororwa kugirango bibyare p na n.
Kimwe nizindi diode, ikigezweho muri diode itanga urumuri rushobora gutemba byoroshye kuva kuri p pole (anode) kugera kuri n pole (cathode), ariko ntabwo biri muburyo bunyuranye. Abatwara ibintu bibiri bitandukanye: ibyobo na electron bitemba biva kuri electrode bigana kuri p na n munsi ya voltage zitandukanye. Iyo umwobo na electron bihuye bikongera bikongera, electron zigwa kurwego rwo hasi kandi zikarekura ingufu muburyo bwa fotone (fotone nibyo dukunze kwita urumuri).
Uburebure bwumurongo (ibara) bwurumuri rutanga bigenwa ningufu za bandgap yibikoresho bya semiconductor bigize p na n imiterere.
Kubera ko silikoni na germanium ari ibikoresho bitaziguye, ku bushyuhe bwicyumba, kongera imbaraga za electron nu mwobo muri ibyo bikoresho ni inzibacyuho idafite imirasire. Inzibacyuho ntizisohora fotone, ahubwo zihindura ingufu mumbaraga zubushyuhe. Kubwibyo, silikoni na germanium diode ntishobora gusohora urumuri (bizatanga urumuri kubushyuhe buke cyane, bigomba kugaragara kumurongo wihariye, kandi umucyo wumucyo ntabwo ugaragara).
Ibikoresho bikoreshwa muri diode isohora urumuri byose ni ibikoresho bya bande, bityo ingufu zirekurwa muburyo bwa fotone. Izi mbaraga zibujijwe zihuye ningufu zumucyo hafi ya-infragre, igaragara, cyangwa hafi ya ultraviolet.
Iyi moderi yigana LED itanga urumuri mugice cya infragre ya electronique.
Mubyiciro byambere byiterambere, diode itanga urumuri ukoresheje gallium arsenide (GaAs) yashoboraga gusohora gusa urumuri rutukura cyangwa rutukura. Hamwe niterambere ryibikoresho siyanse, diyode nshya yasohotse itanga urumuri rushobora gusohora imiraba yumucyo hamwe numurongo mwinshi kandi mwinshi. Uyu munsi, diode itanga urumuri rwamabara atandukanye irashobora gukorwa.
Ubusanzwe Diode yubatswe kuri N-substrate, hamwe nigice cya P-semiconductor yashyizwe hejuru yacyo kandi igahuzwa hamwe na electrode. P-insimburangingo ya P ntisanzwe, ariko kandi irakoreshwa. Dode nyinshi zicuruzwa zitanga urumuri, cyane cyane GaN / InGaN, nazo zikoresha amabuye ya safiro.
Ibikoresho byinshi bikoreshwa mugukora LED bifite ibimenyetso byerekana cyane. Ibi bivuze ko igice kinini cyumucyo kigaruka inyuma mubintu biri imbere hamwe numwuka. Kubwibyo, gukuramo urumuri ni ingingo yingenzi kuri LED, kandi ubushakashatsi niterambere byinshi byibanze kuriyi ngingo.
Itandukaniro nyamukuru hagati ya LED (urumuri rusohora urumuri) na diode isanzwe nibikoresho byabo nuburyo biganisha, biganisha ku itandukaniro rikomeye mubikorwa byabo muguhindura ingufu z'amashanyarazi ingufu zumucyo. Hano hari ingingo zingenzi zisobanura impamvu LED zishobora gusohora urumuri na diode isanzwe idashobora:
Ibikoresho bitandukanye:LED ikoresha ibikoresho bya semiconductor ya III-V nka gallium arsenide (GaAs), gallium fosifide (GaP), nitride ya gallium (GaN), nibindi. Ubusanzwe diode isanzwe ikoresha silikoni cyangwa germanium, ifite umurongo utaziguye, kandi gusimbuka kwa electron bibaho cyane cyane muburyo bwo kurekura ingufu z'ubushyuhe, aho kuba urumuri.
Imiterere itandukanye:Imiterere ya LED yashizweho kugirango horoherezwe kubyara urumuri no gusohora. LED isanzwe yongeramo dopants nuburyo bwihariye kuri pn ihuza kugirango iteze imbere no gusohora fotone. Diode isanzwe yagenewe kunoza imikorere yo gukosora ibyubu kandi ntiwibande kubyara urumuri.
Ingufu zingufu:Ibikoresho bya LED bifite ingufu nini nini, bivuze ko ingufu zasohowe na electron mugihe cyinzibacyuho ari ndende bihagije kuburyo bugaragara muburyo bwurumuri. Ingufu za bandgap imbaraga za diode zisanzwe ni nto, kandi electron zirekurwa cyane muburyo bwubushyuhe iyo zihindutse.
Uburyo bwa Luminescence:Iyo pn ihuriro rya LED iri kubogama imbere, electron ziva mukarere ka n zerekeza mukarere ka p, zisubirana hamwe n’imyobo, kandi zirekura ingufu muburyo bwa fotone kugirango zitange urumuri. Muri diode isanzwe, kwiyubaka kwa electron nu mwobo ahanini biri muburyo bwo kongera imishwarara, ni ukuvuga imbaraga zirekurwa muburyo bwubushyuhe.
Itandukaniro ryemerera LED gusohora urumuri mugihe rukora, mugihe diode isanzwe idashobora.
Iyi ngingo iva kuri enterineti kandi uburenganzira ni ubwanditsi bwumwimerere
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kanama-01-2024