Guhindura amashanyarazi yatanzwe ihame + igishushanyo mbonera cyumuzingi (Igice cya 2)

A principle Ihame ryibigize ryo guhinduranya amashanyarazi

1.1

Umurongo wo kuyungurura umurongo, kwiyongera kumuzunguruko, kuzunguruka.
Imikorere: Hindura amashanyarazi ya AC amashanyarazi muri DC yinjiza amashanyarazi yo guhinduranya amashanyarazi yujuje ibisabwa.
1.1.1
Kurwanya guhuza urusaku
1.1.2
Hagarika imiyoboro ya surge kuva kuri gride
1.1.3 Inzira ikosora
Hindura AC kuri DC
Hariho ubwoko bubiri: ubwoko bwa capacitor bwinjiza nubwoko bwa choke bwinjiza. Ibikoresho byinshi byo guhindura amashanyarazi nibyambere

1.2 Inzira yo guhindura

Harimo guhinduranya umuzunguruko, gusohora kwigunga (guhinduranya) umuzenguruko, nibindi Numuyoboro nyamukuru waguhinduranya amashanyaraziGuhindura, no kurangiza gukata modulasiyo no gusohora amashanyarazi atangwa hamwe nimbaraga.
Guhindura amashanyarazi kuri uru rwego nigikoresho cyibanze.

1.2.1 Guhindura uruziga
Uburyo bwo gutwara: kwishima, kwishima hanze
Guhindura inzitizi: kwigunga, kutigunga, kumvikana
Ibikoresho byamashanyarazi: Byakunze gukoreshwa cyane ni GTR, MOSFET, IGBT
Uburyo bwo guhindura: PWM, PFM, hamwe na Hybrid. PWM niyo ikoreshwa cyane.
1.2.2 Ibisohoka
Igabanijwemo shaft-idafite na shaft-hamwe. Nta shaft isabwa kugirango igice cya kabiri gikosorwe kandi gikosorwe kabiri. Shaft irakenewe kumurongo wuzuye.

1.3 Kugenzura uruziga

Tanga impinduramatwara ihinduye urukiramende kumashanyarazi kugirango uhindure ibisohoka voltage.

Inzira yerekana: Tanga voltage yerekanwe. Nkibisobanuro bisa LM358, AD589, urukurikirane rwa AD581, REF192, nibindi.

Guhitamo icyitegererezo: Fata byose cyangwa igice cyibisohoka voltage.

Kugereranya amplification yo kugereranya: Gereranya ibimenyetso byicyitegererezo nibimenyetso byerekana kugirango utange ikimenyetso cyamakosa yo kugenzura amashanyarazi ya PM.

Guhindura V / F: Hindura ibimenyetso bya voltage yibimenyetso mubimenyetso bya frequence.

Oscillator: Kubyara umuyaga mwinshi cyane

Uruzinduko rwibanze: Hindura ibimenyetso byahinduwe bihindagurika mubimenyetso bikwiye byo kugenzura kugirango utware urufatiro rwumuyoboro.

1.4 Inzira zisohoka

Gukosora no kuyungurura
Kosora ibyasohotse mumashanyarazi muri DC hanyuma uyitunganyirize mumashanyarazi make ya DC. Tekinoroji yo gukosora ibisohoka ubu ifite igice-cyuzuye, cyuzuye-cyuzuye, imbaraga zihoraho, gukuba kabiri, guhuza hamwe nubundi buryo bwo gukosora.

(B) Isesengura ry'amashanyarazi atandukanye

2.1 Guhindura amafaranga
Umuzunguruko w'amafaranga: Amashanyarazi, kwinjiza no gusohora polarite ni imwe.
Kubera ko volt-kabiri yibicuruzwa bya inductor yishyurwa no gusohora bingana muburyo butajegajega, kwinjiza voltage Ui, ibisohoka voltage Uo; rero:
(Ui-Uo) ton = Uotoff
Uiton-Uoton = Uo * toff
Ui * ton = Uo (ton + toff)
Uo / Ui = ton / (ton + toff) = ▲
Nukuvuga, ibyinjira nibisohoka voltage isano ni:
Uo / Ui = ▲ (cycle cycle)

Buck top topology

Iyo switch ifunguye, imbaraga zinjiza zungururwa na L inductor na C capacitor kugirango itange amashanyarazi kumpera yumutwaro; iyo switch yazimye, inductor ya L ikomeza kunyura muri diode kugirango imitwaro ikomeze. Ibisohoka voltage ntizirenza ingufu zinjiza bitewe ninshingano zinshingano.

2.2
Kuzunguruka kwizunguruka: kuzamura chopper, kwinjiza no gusohora polarite nimwe.
Ukoresheje uburyo bumwe, ukurikije ihame ryuko kwishyuza no gusohora volt-kabiri yibicuruzwa bya inductor L bingana muburyo butajegajega, umubano wa voltage urashobora gukomoka: Uo / Ui = 1 / (1- ▲）

Kuzamura topologiya yumuzingi

Guhindura umuyoboro Q1 n'umutwaro w'uyu muzunguruko uhujwe hamwe. Iyo umuyoboro wa switch ufunguye, umuyaga unyura muri inductor L1 kugirango woroshye umuraba, kandi amashanyarazi yishyuza inductor L1. Iyo umuyoboro wa switch uzimye, inductor L isohora mumuzigo no gutanga amashanyarazi, hamwe na voltage isohoka izaba iyinjiza voltage Ui + UL, bityo ikagira ingaruka zo kongera imbaraga.

2.3 Guhindura Flyback

Inzira ya Buck-Boost: Boost / Buck Chopper, ibyinjira nibisohoka polarite biratandukanye, kandi inductor iratangwa.
Umubano wa voltage: Uo / Ui = - ▲ / (1- ▲）

Buck-Boost Circuit Topology

Iyo S iri, amashanyarazi yumuriro yishyuza inductor gusa. Iyo S yazimye, amashanyarazi asohoka mumuzigo unyuze muri inductor kugirango ugere kumashanyarazi.
Kubwibyo, L inductor hano ni igikoresho cyo kohereza ingufu.

(C) Imirima yo gusaba

Guhindura amashanyarazi bitanga amashanyarazi bifite ibyiza byo gukora neza, ubunini buto, uburemere bworoheje, hamwe n’umuvuduko uva hanze, bityo ikoreshwa cyane mu itumanaho, mudasobwa, gukoresha inganda mu nganda, ibikoresho byo mu rugo n’izindi nzego. Kurugero, murwego rwa mudasobwa, guhinduranya amashanyarazi byahindutse inzira nyamukuru yo gutanga amashanyarazi ya mudasobwa, bishobora kwemeza imikorere ihamye yibikoresho bya mudasobwa; murwego rwingufu nshya, guhinduranya amashanyarazi nabyo bigira uruhare runini nkigikoresho gishobora guhindura ingufu zihamye.

Muri make, guhinduranya amashanyarazi bitanga amashanyarazi meza kandi yizewe. Ihame ryakazi ryayo nuguhindura cyane cyane ingufu zamashanyarazi zinjiza mumashanyarazi ahamye kandi yizewe binyuze mumashanyarazi menshi yo guhinduranya no gukosora.